Fig. The Beach (Coastal Protection) - The sea defenses have been damaged and replaced with 'Spanish steps' leading down to the sea that will protect the coastline and increase public access to the seafront. CBSE Class 12 Geography 5 Marks Question. Effective as they reduce the amount of erosion from waves as the waves break before - the energy dissipates. Everything you need for your studies in one place. Therefore a decision to protect one coastal community may not outweigh the disadvantages of exposing another community to increased erosion. case study of Brussels. What are the advantages and disadvantages of beach nourishment? This is used to help decide whether defending a coastline from erosion and or flooding is worth it. -The Sundarbans in the SW Bangladesh and E India, on the delta of the Ganges, Brahruptura and Meghna rivers on the Bay of Bengali. How have animals adapted to cold environments? But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Where there are gaps, it means coastal defences are present and working. Where do volcanoes and earthquakes happen? As the negative impacts of many shoreline management plans (SMP) have become evident, sustainable integrated approaches are becoming more widely used. How do changes affect the balance of an ecosystem? The SMP is generally a combination of hold the line and no active intervention except for a small stretch on the River Hamble estuary where managed realignment is in place. This means disagreement over how the coast should be protected from threats and which areas should be protected. General Studies Paper 1 includes questions from subjects like History, Geography, Polity, Economics, General Science, Technology, Environment and Current Affairs. However, they increasingly face a threat from rising global sea levels, although there is uncertainty about the scale and timing of the rise. This allows sand to settle, and increases dune size. 2: Groynes at Mundesley in Norfolk, UK. Figure 1 Map showing the Queensland coast and zoning areas of the Great Barrier Reef. Hard engineering techniques are typically used to protect coastal settlements. Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. 1.2 High Coasts Featuring Cliffs. It recognises that sediment eroded in one location may form a protective beach elsewhere. This means coastal defences will be maintained and replaced to protect the town. However the proposal was eventually rejected due to budget and technical constraints and a policy of no active intervention was put in place. Another area of the UK where effective coastal management is necessary is Southampton Water in Hampshire The region is home to a varied range of human activities including industry, commercial, residential and leisure uses. http://www.bgs.ac.uk/science/landUseAndDevelopment/landslides/Sidestrand.html. Case studies from all regions of the world (Europe, The Americas, Asia, Africa and Australasia) are included', 'Building upon the book Disappearing . Coastal management can be put into the four categories: By recreating a naturally functioning shoreline we free ourselves from the 'sea defence cycle' of construct, fail and reconstruct. -Tidal action: primary natural process shaping the distinctive coastal landscape; a dense network of river channels flows across the clay and silt fluvial deposits. Coastal management case study: Holderness coastline The Holderness coastline is located on the east coast of England. The Isle of Wight has65 milesof spectacular coastline, 28 miles of which are designated Heritage Coast. Managing natural resources like fish, water, farmland to ensure long term productivity. At risk of landslides and property Destruction What Coastal Management Strategies Have Been Used at Lyme Regis? Winners people who have gained from the decision which have been made either economically (property saved) or environmentally (habitats conserved), or socially (communities). The River Tees landforms of erosion and deposition, Case Study Ganges/Brahmaputra River Basin, Geological time is on a different time to human time, Different rocks create contrasting landforms and landscapes. What problems are caused by global warming? Search our scholarships. Ensure consideration is given to everybody when changes are proposed and then adopted. How has urbanisation helped Nigeria to develop? the entire coastal zone needs to be managed, the importance of the coastal zone to peoples livelihoods. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. They can have a step or bullnose profile. What is the impact of humans on the desert? . What are active, dormant and extinct volcanoes? International migration from Syria to Europe, Japan A country with a high dependent population. The characteristic style of rural houses is an important manifestation of the historical and cultural values of rural areas and is the key focus of the implementation of the strategy for the construction of beautiful China and the revitalization of rural areas. Expensive to implement. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Human and physical factors causing river flooding. Coastal management must be sustainable; any strategy adopted must not cause unnecessary damage to the environment, peoples homes and livelihood and should not cost too much. Natural ecosystems in Manila bay e.g. Management of the coastline is necessary to protect them from coastal erosion. Hire a Writer Username Email User ID: 102891 Our Professional Writers Are Our Pride EssayService boasts its wide writer catalog. A Level Geography: Coastal Processes, Landforms & Management (Full Pack) 18.65 9.99 5 items 1. This is another method of sustainable coastline management. What is the impact of humans on the savanna? What challenges have been caused by urban growth in Mumbai? Scarborough is the largest holiday resort on the Yorkshire coast. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) is over 2300km long and is made up of over 2900 reefs and 940 islands and cays. (See figure below for an example of a large landslide on the Norfolk coast). (See appendix 1, 2 and 3 for SMP maps). The beach is made wider by using sand and shingle. The coast is a dynamic environment that is vulnerable to a range of physical processes and each case needs to be considered individually with a view to changing policies over time. How is a cold environment interdependent? -0.66 marks will be deducted as negative marks for each wrong answer. Each littoral cell is isolated from the adjacent cells and managed as a holistic unit. Which hard engineering approach is the most problematic? This will mean eventually that Happisburgh will be at the mercy of the sea and by 2105 a substantial amount of land, businesses and properties will be lost (ibid). Improves the strength of the cliff and prevents rocks from falling. They reflect wave energy rather than absorb it, are intrusive and unnatural and are very expensive to build and maintain, 300010,000. Socio-economic impacts of flooding 3. There are 11 sediment cells in England and Wales, and there are 22 SMP's, Can you name any of the SMPs around the coastline of the UK. This programme prepares students for entry-level occupations, and equips them with the knowledge, skills and values needed to contribute to sustainable development. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. Quizlet revision sets. Smaller areas are not considered separately, unlike traditional methods. Fig. Why is hard engineering an expensive method? Where are the areas of water deficit and surplus in the UK? Our partners will collect data and use cookies for ad personalisation and measurement. A Level regeneration case studies. The coastline is a used environment. Or soft engineering, which works with nature, using natural materials, or allowing nature to take back areas. Hard engineering can be expensive, and it disrupts the natural process. It was decided that the existing sea defences needed replacing by building rock groynes to trap sediment and create wider beaches to protect the cliffs. Deadline: Coastal Management Case Study A Level Geography They are vertical stone or timber fencing, which is built at 90 degrees to the coast. Lecture notes - Aqa/cie a level coastal landforms 3. What is the value of the tropical rainforest? The sediment cells are closed for the purposes of management, although there will be some exchanges between the different sediment cells. 2B.11 - Coastal Management - A-LEVEL GEOGRAPHY REVISION: EDEXCEL 2B.11 Coastal Management There are different approaches to managing the risks associated with coastal recession and flooding. As a result, it is less expensive to implement and maintain and creates more long-term and sustainable solutions than hard engineering projects. - It extends 60km from Flamborough in the north to Spurn Point in the south. The Isle of Wight has four coastal defence options: The pine forest is a colonies for the red squirrel. The cliffs are predominantly made from soft sand and clays, meaning that they are extremely vulnerable to erosion by waves as well as slumping caused by rainwater. Cyclone Prone Areas in India There are 13 coastal states and union territories (UTs) in the country, encompassing 84 coastal districts which are affected by tropical cyclones. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Coastal Management: Hornsea There is up to 3m of erosion per year because the cliffs are formed from weak boulder clay The management protects tourist features such as arcades and hotels and creates a sandy beach. It can be seen that the coastal defence plan for Southampton Water needs to be able to take into account a variety of conflicting interests. Large walls constructed from concrete, steel, or stone are located along the shoreline of a beach. They are cost-effective compared to other techniques. What is conflict in the context of coastal management? Presidential scholarships for students of Black heritage. Dunes are a barrier to beach access and creating new dunes results in a land loss. GREAT - Imperial College London Scholarship. Contribution in this reseach that spatial multi-hazard consideration should be undertaken as a consideration of development policies in order to reduce . Mappleton is served by the B1242, the main road connecting settlements along the Holderness Coast. What is Nigerias location and importance? Can the risks of volcanic eruptions be reduced? Landforms in the middle course of a river. Best study tips and tricks for your exams. 3 - Gabion reinforced with earth in Sveti Rok, Croatia. Universitt Basel PGC . The exposed chalk of Flamborough provides examples of erosion, features such as caves, arches and stacks. Structure of ecosystems, energy flows, trophic levels, food chains and food webs, Characteristics of the Tropical Equatorial Rainforest, Nutrient Cycle in the Equatorial Rainforest, Ecological responses to the climate and soil moisture budget adaptations by vegetation and animals, River Processes: erosion, transportation and deposition & Hjulstrm Curve. What are the three critical factors of an ICZM? A coastline could be managed by hard engineering approaches such as a sea wall made of concrete with steel reinforcement and deep pile foundations. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. of the users don't pass the Coastal Management quiz! The isentropic turbine efficiency is 92%92 \%92%. However, they are are expensive to install and maintain. Its 100% free. Four states (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal) and one UT (Puducherry) on the east coast and one state (Gujarat) on the west coast are highly vulnerable . So, in order to manage the reef, a zoning programme has been implemented. How many sediment cells and SMP's are there in the UK? It includes various methods like percolation tanks, and recharge wells among . The structures are usually at the base of a cliff or on the beach. Earthquakes Terms of Use They are usually constructed of concrete with steel reinforcement and have deep pile foundations. Local villages use ad hoc methods to try and stop the power of the waves, and hoteliers have resorted to sandbagging their resort area. Cost-wise they are not too expensive, 150250 (depending on material). This is due to rainwater saturation in soft clay cliffs which leave them vulnerable to landslides. Coastal barrage partly submerging dam-like structures that control the tidal flow. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. What are Mumbais social and economic opportunities? Increases the distance a wave has to travel, thus slowing it down and preventing erosion. These may include the value of land, homes and businesses that will be protected. Hard Engineering. 1 / 10. The channels flow N-S due to strong tidal currents, and the smaller channels drains the land with each ebb tide. Physical Geography . Tuition fees. They are similar to a sea wall but more sloping. Why is the Human Development Index important? Provides a range of products, services and opportunities for development to increase the wealth of Bangladesh. http://www.wwf.org.au/ourwork/oceans/gbr/ {date accessed 16/06/10}, http://www.barrierreef.org/WhyResearch/TheReefandclimatechange.aspx#question_2 {date accessed 19/06/10}, http://www.jcu.edu.au/research/excellence/JCUPRD_036944.html {date accessed 19/06/10}, http://www.wwf.org.au/news/n244/ {date accessed 19/06/10}, http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/research/planning/104939.aspx {dare accessed 20/06/10}, http://www.marinet.org.uk/coastaldefences/smp.html {date accessed 20/06/10}, http://www.northsolentsmp.co.uk/media/adobe/5/4/North_Solent_SMP_Information_Pamphlet.pdf {date accessed 20/06/10}, Dove, J et al, OCR Geography A2, (2009), Heinmann, Harlow. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The greater Miami area of south Florida faces higher than average sea level rise rates due to its location on the Atlantic seaboard (see Module 4). They also interfere with longshore drift to such an extent that beaches further down the coast are starved of the sediment they need, leading to increased erosion. What does no active intervention mean in terms of an SMP? It usually involves extreme locations in terms of tides and waves; this inevitably makes construction difficult. The reef is a vitally important area, firstly in terms of conserving the diverse wildlife and ecosystem that is there and secondly because it provides major security benefits to coastal communities and provides significant income for Australias economy in the form of tourism (http://www.wwf.org.au). Of all the hard engineering approaches, groynes are the most problematic as sediment builds up behind them on the uplift side, extending the beach seaward. Company Registration Number: 8600593 These effects can be positive or negative. Coupled with the dumping of waste products it can be seen that shipping is also a substantial threat to the area (http://www.barrierreef.org). What are the four options that an SMP has? And here are some common types of soft engineering. Accounting & Finance; Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity; Case Studies; Economy & Economics; Marketing and Markets; People in Business; . The approaches are designed to specifically counter erosion. Sanctuary scholarships. ['This book explores current threats to, and consequences of, climate change on existing tourism coastal destinations. It became apparent that a long term plan needed to be formulated, so in 1992 a number of measures were implemented. Definition. What are the environmental impacts of economic development in Nigeria? What was the relevance of the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992? It considers 'risks' to local people as well as. Soft engineering aims to work with and complement the physical environment by using natural coastal defence methods. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a revetment? LEDC coastal management Water levels projected to rise between 7.6 and 10.2 cm each decade. Why do people choose to live in tectonically active locations? The related knowledge and experience attained is applied to assess the vulnerability and risk associated with such hazards. Self-paced Case Studies Fostering Resilient, Multimodal Transportation Solutions along the California Coast Learn how a coastal zone management program and state transportation agency built a unique partnership to ensure sustainable transportation systems with positive environmental outcomes along the co. Self-paced Case Studies 2 - Groynes at Mundesley in Norfolk, UK. Trees need to be sourced and require maintenance. Dune regeneration creating new sand dunes or restoring existing ones. What are the different types of weathering? coastal areas must be regulated, the complexity and dynamic nature of land sea con - nections create challenges for governance systems. The table below shows the common types of hard engineering. High Energy Coastline made up of Limestone and Clay. The United Kingdom also needs to manage its coastline as the next two case studies will show. A range of management techniques has limited coastal erosion at Hornsea. Changing rates of rainforest deforestation. Q.7 Given below are four statements about Watershed Management as practised in India. Inexpensive hard engineering structure, but not very effective or attractive. How do weather and climate affect river landscapes? 4: Wooden revetment (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sturdy_revetments_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1119250.jpg) by Evelyn Simak (https://www.geograph.org.uk/profile/14840) Licensed by CC BY-SA 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en), Fig. Planting dead trees in the sand to stabilise dunes. Tunisia Case Study. Where are Temperate Deciduous Woodlands Located? In 1896 the Council decided to link the two bays by the construction of a 1200 metre link road to be known as . Coastal Management The graph shows erosion rates opposite to their specific locations. Each question is of 2 marks. Environmental Management; Global Interdependence . The idea is to reduce the slope of the cliff and revegetate the cliff top. Coastal management must be sustainable; any strategy adopted must not cause unnecessary damage to the environment, people's homes and livelihood and should not cost too much. Overall, this resource aims to help students prepare effectively for their CBSE Class 12 Geography exams by providing a comprehensive set of most important questions and answers in the subject. Figure 5 Photo showing how the beach at Waxham has been deprived of sediment because of off shore bars at Sea Palling, http://www.marinet.org.uk/coastaldefences/smp.html. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Beach stabilisation planting dead trees in the sand to stabilise it. What is that greatest rate? How has demand for water in the UK changed? Impacts of Farming Practices on Carbon Budget, A-level geography case study - The Sundarbans, CALIFORNIA WILDFIRES - THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CL, Coastal Landforms and Landscapes of depositio, Coastal landforms and landscapes of erosion, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. There is an increased frequency of storms and the possibility of increased erosion and flooding. This paper aims to assess the lagoon's level of pollution. Book Description This book applies cost-benefit analysis techniques in the management of environment and natural resources in developing countries of the Southeast Asian region and presents a compendium of studies conducted by researchers supported by the Economy and . (6 marks) Camber Sands teaching resource. Case Study: Miami, Florida Of the major U.S. cities that face the greatest uncertainty related to sea level rise, Miami may be the poster child. 9 - SMPs decide the best course of action for coastlines. It can have a stepped or bullnose profile. It is easy to construct and often used by anglers and sunbathers. Sustainable development in the desert The Great Green Wall. How does flooding affect humans and the environment? British Council Scholarships for Women in STEM. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Coastal systems. To achieve this, a variety of teaching methods are employed, including: lectures, practicals, tutorials . This paper is objective in nature (100 MCQs in 2 hours). Chemical analysis of water samples, field observations, and a structured survey questionnaire was used to assess the state of the lagoon. Apologies for the terrible sound! The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Planting non-native species can affect the nutrients in the soil. Groups who may have an interest in how the coast is managed would include; local residents, local councils, landowners, governments, environmental bodies and national park authorities. What is the site and situation of a settlement? The current coastal management plan is to hold the line at Hornsea. North Norfolk case study for OCR GCSE Geography. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Business Studies. Slanted structures made from concrete, wood or rocks along a cliff. Difficulty level: Moderate. Constructing ecological networks is considered a critical strategy to reconnect habitats, restore ecosystems and improve ecological capacity. Coastal Management Case Study A Level Geography | Top Writers 4.7/5 Dr.Jeffrey (PhD) #4 in Global Rating Plagiarism report You are free to order a full plagiarism PDF report while placing the order or afterwards by contacting our Customer Support Team. Local, regional, and national levels of authority must work and manage coasts together. How have plants adapted to cold environments? Create a more consistent water level that can be used for hydroelectricity. This chapter reviews the marine and coastal management systems in operation in Ireland, Romania, Spain and France. What is the location and importance of Rio de Janeiro? (4 Marks) d) Explain why people visit coastal areas. GCSE Geography Study Group 2022-2023; Edexcel A Level Geography Paper 1 9GE0 01 - 27 May 2022 [Exam Chat] A-level Geography Study Group 2022-2023; Does anyone know the 20 markers for the Geography 2022 papers; AQA Geography 2022 paper; Does anyone know the 20 & 9 markers for the Geography 2022 papers; flood management method case studies . The disadvantages are that the ongoing costs are high as the sediment needs replacing every few years as waves remove it. Strategies: Sea Wall Wooden Groynes repaired and built at a cost of 5.2m BUT: Cost and benefits may be tangible (monetary value) or intangible (other effects such as visual impact). Coastal management aims to protect homes, businesses and the environment from erosion and flooding. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake and Tsunami 2018, Almera, Spain: a large-scale agricultural development, Sustainable food supplies in an LIC Bangladesh, How can the growth of tourism reduce the development gap? The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Following some extreme flooding in 1953, it has become to be vitally important to protect the coast to stop further loss of; life, valuable agricultural land and to conserve the Norfolk Broads (Dove et al, 2008, pp62-65). What were the reasons for coastal management at Mappleton? Groyne Building wooden fence-like barriers at right angles to the beach. An SMP has been created for each sediment cell in the UK to help with coastline management. Soft engineering is a more sustainable management strategy than hard engineering because it has a lower environmental impact and economic cost. Explain a sea wall in regards to coastal engineering? Subscribe OCR A Level Geography View More Topics Prevents longshore drift, flooding, and erosion. It does not store any personal data. Required to compensate people who lose buildings and farmland. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. What is a cost-benefit analysis in terms of coastal management? Modern sea walls are designed to dissipate, not reflect, wave energy. It nourishes the beach and naturally dissipates wave energy. Low cost. Ans: What is the role of transnational companies in Nigeria? Use the images below to find out more about each case study. The advantages are that they are relatively inexpensive to build, 500 3000. The material used, sand or gravel, is natural and blends in with the existing beach. 1. Business Studies. The idea of cliff stabilisation is to limit the amount of erosion and the potential for landslides, collapse, and falling rocks. In other words, the strategies should not cause too much damage to the environment, peoples homes and livelihood and shouldnt cost too much. Partly submerged dam-like structures that control the tidal flow. Hard Engineering - Coastal Management - Isle of Wight. SMP3 Flamborough Head to Gibraltar Point. Sea walls are a physical barrier against erosion. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. What factors affect population density and distribution? What is the Demographic Transition Model? This is where all the coastlines are divided into littoral cells containing sediment sources, transport paths and sinks. Modern sea walls are designed to dissipate wave energy. Coastal Management Use the images below to find out more about each case study. Coastal management is the focus of several GCSE specifications while some require understanding of managed realignment. Both commercial and tourist ships regularly cross the Great Barrier Reef area, which potentially could result in chemical and oil spills. Water quality and pollution management in the UK. Exam place: . A-level Geography; Year 13; Dorset - case study of a UK coastal landscape. Zoning is divided into seven types; a General Use Zone, A Habitat Protection Zone, A Conservation Zone, a Buffer Zone, a Scientific Research Zone, a Marine Park Zone and a Preservation Zone. Erosion rate is 5 m per year (dredging and wall construction in Liverpool makes less material available, Board walks for visitors (Don't trample on the sand), Less than half the price of our monthly plan. Coasts are an important environment, and the underlying physical processes and management of the coast form a key part of the A-Level Geography specification. Managing the wider coastal zone in terms of people and their economic livelihoods, social and cultural well being, safety from coastal hazards and minimising environmental and ecological impacts. Why is there a trend towards agribusiness? However the council maintain that the high cost involved in holding the line is not justified by their cost/benefit analysis (http://www.marinet.org.uk). In the case of humans, we use the coastline for agriculture, for fishing, for industry and power generation, for transport routes and for land upon which to live. Lecture notes - A level geography: introduction to coasts 2. A Level Geography Specifications 600+ resources covering all major UK and International Exam Boards Choose Exam Board 2023 Geography New Geography Factsheets added in 2023 Explore More Free Downloads Plans for 2022/2023 Free Sample - Loss of Rainforest in the Amazon: An Ongoing Issue Factsheet Index 1-448 A Level Geography A Series of Coasts Case studies and Information on Them Terms in this set (26) Why is Coastal Management Needed at Lyme Regis? How have animals adapted to the rainforest environment? Will you pass the quiz? This is where all stakeholders have a say in any policy decisions. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. In addition, the sediment used is usually dredged from offshore, so care needs to be taken not to impact the wider coastal sediment cells. What challenges are associated with the growth of Rio? Hard engineering involves building structures to protect the coast by using concrete, stone and steel. Economic opportunities and challenges in Lagos. Coastal Deposition Use the images below to find out more about each case study. With a theoretical platform it addresses topics such as sustainability, tourism impacts, governance trade and innovation. (4 Marks) (Marks available: 12) Answer Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken.
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