Epub 2010 Jun 22. stromal nuclear pleomorphism) is predictive of phyllodes tumor (versus fibroadenoma) in core Bookshelf Up to 66% of fibroadenomas harbor mutations in the exon (exon 2) of the mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) gene. FNA of CFA can lead to erroneous or indeterminate interpretation, due to proliferative and/or hyperplastic changes of ductal epithelium with or without atypia. The term fibroadenoma combines the words "fibroma," meaning a tumor made up of fibrous tissue, and "adenoma," a tumor of gland tissue. Nigam JS, Tewari P, Prasad T, Kumar T, Kumar A. Cureus. Fibroadenomas are benign while phyllodes tumor range from benign, indolent neoplasms to malignant tumors capable of distant metastasis. ; Chen, YY. 2020 Dec;53(3):439-441. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1716187. National Library of Medicine Carcinoma Breast-Like Giant Complex Fibroadenoma: A Clinical Masquerade. Epub 2022 May 31. Degnim AC, Frost MH, Radisky DC, Anderson SS, Vierkant RA, Boughey JC, Pankratz VS, Ghosh K, Hartmann LC, Visscher DW. Musio F, Mozingo D, Otchy DP. On gross pathology, a rubbery, tan colored, and No cytologic atypia is present. Kuijper A, Mommers EC, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ. Breast, right, 2:00 zone 2, ultrasound guided core biopsy: Well developed leaf-like architecture, with accompanied increased stromal cellularity, Prominent mitotic activity 3/10 high power fields or the finding of 3 or more characteristic histologic features (stromal overgrowth, fat infiltration, stromal fragmentation, subepithelial stromal condensation, Essentials in Bone and Soft-Tissue Pathology - Jasvir S. Khurana 2010-03-10 Essentials in Bone and Soft-Tissue Pathology is a concise and well-illustrated handbook that captures the salient points of the most common problems in bone and soft-tissue . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. No cytologic atypia is present. Complex fibroadenomas are a fibroadenoma subtype harboring one or more complex features. "Normal and pathological breast, the histological basis.". official website and that any information you provide is encrypted 1994 Sep;118(9):912-6. Stanford CA 94305-5342, Relative risk for development of invasive breast carcinoma, , Circumscribed breast mass composed of benign stromal and epithelial cells, Atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia may be present, Carcinoma, in situ or invasive, may be present, Lacks significant stromal hypercellularity, Elevated stromal mitotic rate, usually >4-5 per 10 hpf, abnormal forms may be found, May contain poorly circumscribed areas of fibrocystic change, Lobules typically present (may be atrophic), Frequent intracanalicular or tubular glandular proliferation. Stanton SE, Gad E, Ramos E, Corulli L, Annis J, Childs J, Katayama H, Hanash S, Marks J, Disis ML. H&E stain. Disclaimer. 2001 May;115(5):736-42. doi: 10.1309/F523-FMJV-W886-3J38. Department of Pathology. National Library of Medicine Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia [TI] free full text[sb], WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board: Breast Tumours (Medicine), 5th Edition, 2019, Schnitt: Biopsy Interpretation of the Breast (Biopsy Interpretation Series), 3rd Edition, 2017, Stanford University: Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia [Accessed 5 March 2020], Benign myofibroblastic proliferation simulating a vascular lesion, Usually an incidental finding but may produce palpable or mammographic mass, Complex interanastomosing spaces in dense collagenous, keloid-like stroma, Some of these spaces have spindle shaped myofibroblasts at their margins that simulate endothelial cells, Spindle cells are positive for ER, PR and CD34 but negative for other vascular markers, e.g. Contributed by Gary Tozbikian, M.D. There are numerous reports that the general risk of developing cancer in the breast parenchyma is elevated among women with complex fibroadenomas; these women are 3.1-3.7 times more likely to develop breast cancer than women in the general population (compared with a relative risk of 1.9 times in women with non-complex fibroadenomas). Histopathology. Within this cohort, women who had fibroadenoma were compared to women who did not have fibroadenoma. ; Hashimoto, B.; Wolverton, D. et al. Women with complex fibroadenomas may therefore be managed with a conservative approach, similar to the approach now recommended for women with simple fibroadenomas. 1991 Jul;57(7):438-41. However, we cannot answer medical or research questions or give advice. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. The site is secure. Percutaneous radiofrequency-assisted excision of fibroadenomas. Fibroadenoma is a very common benign neoplasm typically occurring in patients between the ages of 20 and 35 years. Results In our study, we had 35 ultrasound detected atypical fibroadenoma, seven out of the 35 (20 %) proven to be complex fibroadenoma by pathology while in another 20 patients, 36 fibroadenomas . Benign breast disease and the risk of breast cancer. No leaf-like architecture is present. Fibroadenoma is a benign tumor that arises from the epithelium and stroma of terminal duct-lobular unit. Disclaimer. He Q, Cheng G, Ju H PLoS One 2021;16(7):e0253764. Giant fibroadenoma. 2013 Jul 12;6:267. doi : 10.1186/1756-0500-6-267 PMID: 23849288 (Free), Histopathology of fibroadenoma of the breast. Pathology. .style1 { The border is well-circumscribed where seen. FOIA (Sep 2005). Complex fibroadenomas are often smaller than simple fibroadenomas (1.3 cm compared with 2.5 cm in simple fibroadenomas). 2022 Jan;480(1):45-63. doi: 10.1007/s00428-021-03175-6. Complex fibroadenomas are smaller and appear at an older age. Over time, a fibroadenoma may grow in size or even shrink and disappear. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). ; Cha, I.; Bauermeister, DE. ; Complex: Complex fibroadenomas are less common but become more common as people age.While they may have a definite border, it's what is inside this . The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Would you like email updates of new search results? hampton beach homes for sale 919-497-6028. cannery row nashville wedding dundee1234@aol.com Home > E. Pathology by systems > Reproductive system > Female genital system > Breast > complex fibroadenoma, Complex fibroadenoma is a sub type of fibroadenoma harbouring one or more of the following features: Aims: Breast myxoid fibroadenomas (MFAs) are characterized by a distinctive hypocellular myxoid stroma, and occur sporadically or in the context of Carney complex, an inheritable condition caused by PRKAR1A-inactivating germline mutations. The study included women aged 18-85 years from the Mayo Clinic Benign Breast Disease . Carcinoma Breast-Like Giant Complex Fibroadenoma: A Clinical Masquerade. We consider the term merely descriptive. Giant breast tumours of adolescence. This is usual ductal hyperplasia. government site. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! "Fibroepithelial lesions with cellular stroma on breast core needle biopsy: are there predictors of outcome on surgical excision?". Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. 2022 Jul;194(2):307-314. doi: 10.1007/s10549-022-06631-2. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Nigam JS, Tewari P, Prasad T, Kumar T, Kumar A. Cureus. white/pale +/-hyalinization, typically paucicellular, compression of glandular elements with perserved myoepithelial cells. and transmitted securely. Webpathology.com: A Collection of Surgical Pathology Images . Findings can confirm benign nature of disease but are nonspecific, resembling fibroadenoma or phyllodes tumor (Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2005;48:260) Finding plump spindled mesenchymal cells is suggestive (Diagn Cytopathol 2005;32:345) The study included women aged 18-85 years from the Mayo Clinic Benign Breast Disease Cohort who underwent excisional breast biopsy from 1967 through 1991. Complex fibroadenoma with sclerosing adenosis (crowded, Complex fibroadenoma with sclerosing adenosis (crowded glands in a fibrotic stroma) (hematoxylin-eosin; original magnification, MeSH Fibroadenoma is the most common benign tumor of the female breast. Background: To determine the cytomorphological features of complex type fibroadenoma (CFA), we reviewed fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology with correlation to its histopathology findings, and compared them with non-complex type fibroadenoma (NCFA). Results: Surgical Pathology Criteria RSS2.0, bland-looking mammary spinlde cell tumors, molecular classification of mammary carcinoma. Objective: 8600 Rockville Pike Well circumscribed tumor with bulging cut surface, Fibroadenoma with atypical ductal hyperplasia, Sign up for our What's New in Pathology e-newsletter, Copyright PathologyOutlines.com, Inc. Click, 30150 Telegraph Road, Suite 119, Bingham Farms, Michigan 48025 (USA). Visscher DW, Nassar A, Degnim AC, Frost MH, Vierkant RA, Frank RD, Tarabishy Y, Radisky DC, Hartmann LC. epithelial calcifications Semin Diagn Pathol. Site Map Before Breast Cancer Res Treat. . Nissan N, Bauer E, Moss Massasa EE, Sklair-Levy M. Insights Imaging. Conventional fibroadenomas (FAs) are underpinned by recurrent MED12 mutations in the stromal components of the lesions. This website is intended for pathologists and laboratory personnel but not for patients. Would you like email updates of new search results? Am J Surg. From excisional biopsy or resected specimens of fibroadenoma (FA) cases treated at our institution from 2004 to 2013, we chose 46 patients who underwent FNA before a diagnosis of FA was established. Breast. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Am Surg. A phyllodes tumor is a very rare breast tumor that develops from the cells in the stroma (connective tissue) of the breast. The .gov means its official. Epithelial component often not compressed - as in fibroadenoma. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. They fall under the broad group of adenomatous breast lesions. The site is secure. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Although malignant transformation in FA is rare, there is evidence of an association with breast carcinoma, particularly in middle-aged females with associated risk factors, such as a strong family history and/or BRCA-1/2 mutations. Am J Clin Pathol. 2006 Nov 15;98(22):1600-7. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djj439. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Powell CM, Cranor ML, Rosen PP. The luminal cell is epithelial. Complex fibroadenomas are smaller and appear at an older age. Sign up for our What's New in Pathology e-newsletter, Copyright PathologyOutlines.com, Inc. Click, 30150 Telegraph Road, Suite 119, Bingham Farms, Michigan 48025 (USA). Clinically , fibroadenomas presents as solitary, freely mobile lump in the breast. Ann Surg Oncol. Indian J Plast Surg. Simple: Most fibroadenomas are the simple type; they are more common in younger people.There's usually just one mass in your breast, with a definite border and very uniform cells. Department of Pathology We welcome suggestions or questions about using the website. 1999 Aug;16(3):235-47. Conclusions: Disclaimer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 3 Giant (juvenile or cellular) fibroadenoma is a . Contributed by Andrey Bychkov, M.D., Ph.D. Fibroadenomatoid changes (sclerosing lobular hyperplasia, fibroadenomatoid mastopathy), Benign biphasic tumor composed of a proliferation of both glandular epithelial and stromal components of the terminal duct lobular unit, Most common breast tumor in adolescent and young women, Benign biphasic tumor comprised of glandular epithelium and specialized interlobular stroma of the terminal ductal lobular unit (, Can show a spectrum of histologic appearances; generally uniform in stromal cellularity and distribution of glandular and stromal elements within a given lesion (an important distinction from phyllodes tumor), Fibroadenomas with hypercellular stroma and prominent intracanalicular pattern can show morphologic overlap with benign phyllodes tumors, especially in needle biopsy specimens, Fibroadenoma, usual type fibroadenoma, adult type fibroadenoma, Most common benign tumor of the female breast, Can occur at any age, median age of 25 years (, Juvenile fibroadenoma generally occurs in younger and adolescent patients < 20 years; reported in children at a very young age (, Complex fibroadenoma reported in older patients with median age between 35 - 47 years (, Increased relative risk (1.5 - 2.0) of subsequent breast cancer; relative risk is higher (3.1) in complex fibroadenomas; no increased risk for juvenile fibroadenoma (, Can occur in axilla accessory breast tissue, Increased risk associated with cyclosporine immunosuppression (, Often presents as painless, firm, mobile, slow growing mass, Usually solitary, can be multiple and bilateral, Usually less than 3 cm in diameter but may grow to large size (, Histologic examination of involved tissue, Sonographically seen usually as a round or oval mass, smooth margins with hypo or isoechoic features (, Can be associated with calcifications, especially in postmenopausal patients, 16 year old girl with 28 cm left breast mass (, 17 year old girl with recurrent juvenile fibroadenoma (, 18 year old woman with mass in axilla accessory breast tissue (, 35 year old woman with left breast mass (, 37 year old woman with increased uptake of breast mass on PET scan (, 44 year old woman with bilateral breast masses (, Management depends on patient risk factors and patient preference, Conservative management with close clinical followup, especially if concordant radiology findings (, Local surgical excision, especially if symptomatic (, If atypia / neoplasia is found within a fibroadenoma, the surgical and systemic therapeutic management is specific and appropriate to the primary atypical / neoplastic lesion, Firm, well circumscribed, ovoid mass with bosselated surface, lobulations bulge above the cut surface, slit-like spaces, May have mucoid or fibrotic appearance; can be calcified, Biphasic tumor, proliferation of both glandular and stromal elements, 2 recognized growth patterns (of no clinical significance, both patterns may occur within a single lesion), Intracanalicular: glands are compressed into linear branching structures by proliferating stroma, Pericanalicular: glands retain open lumens but are separated by expanded stroma, Glandular elements have intact myoepithelial cell layer, Often associated with usual type ductal hyperplasia, apocrine metaplasia, cyst formation or squamous metaplasia, Rare mitotic activity can be observed in the glandular component, has no clinical significance, Generally uniform cellularity within a given lesion, Collagen and bland spindle shaped stromal cells with ovoid or elongated nuclei, Usually no mitotic activity; rare mitotic activity may be present in young or pregnant patients (, Stroma may show myxoid change or hyalinization, Rarely benign heterologous stromal elements (adipose, smooth muscle, osteochondroid metaplasia), Fibroadenomas may be involved by mammary neoplasia (e.g. Complex fibroadenomas were diagnosed in 63 of 401 fibroadenomas (15.7%) found at consecutive percutaneous needle or excisional surgical bi-opsy. Epub 2021 Sep 10. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Carcinoma Breast-Like Giant Complex Fibroadenoma: A Clinical Masquerade. Grossly, the typical fibroadenoma is a sharply demarcated . BCDnet: Parallel heterogeneous eight-class classification model of breast pathology. Pleomorphic adenoma is a common benign salivary gland neoplasm characterised by neoplastic proliferation of epithelial (ductal) cells along with myoepithelial components, having a malignant potentiality. We consider the term merely descriptive. Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia) often as a result of spread from an adjacent lesion, Similar structure but with prominent myxoid stromal change composed of abundant pale, blue-gray extracellular matrix material, Cysts > 3 mm, sclerosing adenosis, epithelial microcalcifications or papillary apocrine metaplasia (, Increased epithelial hyperplasia with gynecomastoid-like micropapillary projections, Usual (adult type) fibroadenoma: biphasic population composed of abundant spindle stromal cells and naked nuclei, epithelium arranged in antler horn clusters or fenestrated honeycomb sheets (, Myxoid fibroadenoma: high cellularity with stroma and epithelium embedded in myxoid background (, Cellular variant of fibroadenoma shows higher rates of mutation in. emailE=('rouse' + '@' + 'stan' + 'ford.edu') Raganoonan C, Fairbairn JK, Williams S, Hughes LE. hall county inmate list Can occur at any age, median age of 25 years ( J R Coll Surg Edinb 1988;33:16 ) Juvenile fibroadenoma generally occurs in younger and adolescent patients < 20 years; reported in children at a very young age ( Am J Surg Pathol . Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). Giant fibroadenoma. No leaf-like architecture is present. phyllodes tumour, sarcoma, pseudoangiomatous . No large cysts are seen. PMID: 8202095 (Free), 1996 - 2023 Humpath.com - Human pathology Would you like email updates of new search results? ; Menet, E.; Tardivon, A.; Cherel, P.; Vanel, D. (Apr 2005). No calcifications are evident. May be hyalinized (dark pink) if infarcted. Fine-needle aspiration of gray zone lesions of the breast: fibroadenoma versus ductal carcinoma. Contain proliferative epithelium which outside and inside a fibroadenoma is associated with an increased risk of malignancy. Fibroadenoma was identified in 2136 women [noncomplex, 1835 (85.9%); complex, 301 (14.1%)]. Long-term risk of breast cancer in women with fibroadenoma. The sections show a lesion with a pale mildly cellular stroma, and bland glandular elements. Complex fibroadenomas were half the size (average, 1.3 cm; range, 0.5-2.6 cm) of noncomplex fibroadenomas (average, 2.5 cm; range, 0.5-7.5 cm) (p < 0.001). FOIA We further re-assessed detailed characteristics of each FNA smears to identify cytomorphological features of CFA. When histopathology on core biopsy reveals a higher-risk lesion, such as atypical lobular hyperplasia, excisional biopsy may be indicated to rule out malignancy. Epub 2021 Jul 12 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253764. IHC can aid in visualizing the myoepithelial layer. However, we cannot answer medical or research questions or give advice. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Careers. Closely packed uniform tubules, lined by a single layer of epithelial cells and an attenuated myoepithelial cell layer. font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; Int J Fertil Womens Med. They fall under the broad group of adenomatous breast lesions. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Sat-Muoz D, Martnez-Herrera BE, Quiroga-Morales LA, Trujillo-Hernndez B, Gonzlez-Rodrguez JA, Gutirrez-Rodrguez LX, Leal-Corts CA, Portilla-de-Buen E, Rubio-Jurado B, Salazar-Pramo M, Gmez-Snchez E, Delgadillo-Cristerna R, Carrillo-Nuez GG, Nava-Zavala AH, Balderas-Pea LM. At the time the article was created The Radswiki had no recorded disclosures. Most of the time, sclerosing adenosis lacks cytologic atypia. No stromal overgrowth is seen. Materials and methods: Because of their high mobility, they are also referred to as mouse in the breast/breast mouse. The pathology is in the stroma; so, the lesion is really a misnomer by the naming rules. Oncoplastic Approach to Giant Benign Breast Tumors Presenting as Unilateral Macromastia. A study of 11 patients. There are no clear cut mammographic or sonographic features that distinguish complex from simple fibroadenomas. Epub 2020 Aug 26. da Silva EM, Beca F, Sebastiao APM, Murray MP, Silveira C, Da Cruz Paula A, Pareja F, Wen HY, D'Alfonso TM, Edelweiss M, Weigelt B, Brogi E, Reis-Filho JS, Zhang H. J Clin Pathol. Board review style answer #1. Fibroadenomas may demonstrate estrogen and progesterone sensitivity and may grow during pregnancy. Multiple, giant fibroadenoma. Fibroadenoma (FA) is the most common type of breast lesion in young female individuals. Richard L Kempson MD. Breast Cancer Res Treat. As the name suggests, is typically found in younger patients. The basal cells is myoepithelial. This model affords the opportunity for investigators to study the process of mammary carcinogenesis over a very short latency and to investigate early events in this process. Other names for these tumors include phylloides tumor and cystosarcoma phyllodes. If it grows to 5 cm or . 2006 Oct;17(5):233-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2006.00333.x. 1994 Jul 7;331(1):10-5. Methods A retrospective review was performed of patients . doi: 10.7759/cureus.12611. CD31, Also called pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia of mammary stroma, PASH is an incidental microscopic finding in up to 23% of breast surgical resections (, Almost always women who are premenopausal, Myofibroblastic origin, postulated role of hormonal factors (, Usually asymptomatic and an incidental finding but may be detected by imaging (, Histologic examination of resected tissue, May produce a mammographically detected mass, Nonneoplastic but mass forming lesion may rarely recur, especially in younger patients, 11 year old girl with bilateral nodular lesions (, 12 year old girl with pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (, 30 year old woman with pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia of the breast with foci of morphologic malignancy (, 37 year old woman with giant nodular pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia of the breast presenting as a rapidly growing tumor (, 46 year old woman with bilateral marked breast enlargement (, 67 year old man with pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia of breast (, Local excision needed only in symptomatic mass forming lesions, If diagnosed on core needle biopsy, no surgical excision required, provided the diagnosis is concordant with radiologic findings (, Usually unilateral, well circumscribed, smooth nodule, Cut surface is firm, gray-white, lacks the characteristic slit-like spaces of fibroadenoma, Spaces are usually empty but may contain rare erythrocytes, Cellular areas or plump spindle cells may obscure pseudoangiomatous structure, No mitotic figures, no necrosis, no atypia, Fascicular PASH: cellular variant, in which myofibroblasts aggregate into fascicles with reduced or absent clefting, resembles myofibroblastoma, Moderately cellular with cohesive clusters of bland ductal cells (occasionally with staghorn pattern), single naked nuclei, some spindle cells with moderate cytoplasm and fine chromatin, Occasional loose hypocellular stromal tissue fragments containing spindle cells and paired elongated nuclei in fibrillary matrix (, Findings can confirm benign nature of disease but are nonspecific, resembling fibroadenoma or phyllodes tumor (, Finding plump spindled mesenchymal cells is suggestive (, Spaces are not true vascular channels but due to disruption and separation of stromal collagen fibers. Our study was to determine the select cytologic features that can accurately distinguish FA from PT. We evaluated the clinical and imaging presentations of complex fibroadenomas; com-pared pathology at core and exci sional biopsy; and cont rasted age, pathology, and size of com- We welcome suggestions or questions about using the website. N Engl J Med. In particular, these mutations are restricted to the stromal component. Giant juvenile fibroadenoma is a variant of fibroadenoma that occurs in children and adolescent age group. N Engl J Med. government site. (b) Ultrasound shows a well-defined oval nodule in the right axilla which was confirmed to be a fibroadenoma on core biopsy. Pane K, Quintavalle C, Nuzzo S, Ingenito F, Roscigno G, Affinito A, Scognamiglio I, Pattanayak B, Gallo E, Accardo A, Thomas G, Minic Z, Berezovski MV, Franzese M, Condorelli G. Int J Mol Sci. Dupont WD, Page DL, Parl FF, Vnencak-Jones CL, Plummer WD Jr, Rados MS, Schuyler PA. N Engl J Med. View Patrick J Rock's current disclosures, see full revision history and disclosures, invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified, intracystic papillary carcinoma of the breast, breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma, columnar alteration with prominent apical snouts and secretions (CAPSS), lobular intraepithelial neoplasia (LIN III), pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH), pleomorphic microcalcifications within breast, punctate microcalcification within breast, egg shell/rim calcification within breast, lobular calcification within breast tissue, intraductal calcification within breast tissue, skin (dermal) calcification in / around breast tissue, suture calcification within breast tissue, stromal calcification within breast tissue, artifactual calcification from outside the breast, granulomatosis with polyangiitis: breast manifestations, differential diagnosis of dilated ducts on breast imaging, hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads, Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. PMC Molecular pathology. Kuijper A, Mommers EC, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ. Tumor-associated autoantibodies from mouse breast cancer models are found in serum of breast cancer patients. Stroma is generally more sparse than in conventional fibroadenoma. Semin Diagn Pathol. Jacobs, TW. government site. Usual ductal hyperplasia[TIAB] free full text[SB], Benign intraductal proliferation of progenitor epithelial cells with varying degrees of solid or fenestrated growth, Streaming growth pattern with fenestrated spaces and lack of cellular polarity, Immunoreactive for high molecular weight cytokeratins, Associated with slight increase in subsequent breast cancer risk (1.5 - 2 times), Also called epithelial hyperplasia, intraductal hyperplasia, hyperplasia of usual type, ductal hyperplasia without atypia, epitheliosis, Most significant finding in 20% of benign breast biopsies (, Proliferation of CK5+ progenitor cells that can differentiate along glandular or myoepithelial lineages; glandular progenitor cells appear to predominate and show intermediate levels of differentiation (, Diagnosis by histologic examination of tissue removed via biopsy or surgical excision, No specific mammographic findings; occasional examples are associated with microcalcifications, Can involve an underlying lesion (e.g.
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