which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology

Verywell Mind's content is for informational and educational purposes only. b. reliability. Although individual experiences and expertise can affect concept arrangement, concepts are believed to be arranged hierarchically in the mind (Anderson & Reder, 1999; Johnson & Mervis, 1997, 1998; Palmer, Jones, Hennessy, Unze, & Pick, 1989; Rosch, Mervis, Gray, Johnson, & Boyes-Braem, 1976; Tanaka & Taylor, 1991). d. books and bookshelves. a. a mental set. Dec 19, 2022 OpenStax. A. overcome functional fixedness. D. Inductive reasoning, ________ is the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome. When you remember or recall something, you activate a concept, and the related concepts are more easily remembered because they are partially activated. We recommend using a A. Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular object or experience. But if time is of the essence, then an algorithm is likely not the best choice. C. an adult who was born with Down syndrome and lives in a group home because of cognitive deficits How do you get that information back out of storage when you need it? It is not there on your desktop (your short-term memory), but most of the time you can pull up this information when you want it. a. concepts preceded and aided the development of language. Stimuli can vary and may include words, pictures, and other stimuli to elicit a response or increase recognition. What were you wearing exactly five years ago today? Heuristics could also be called: You can see that the sentences are now much more memorable because each of the sentences was placed in context. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. For example, what was your professor wearing the last class period? J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. Heuristics are more commonly used in everyday situations, such as figuring out the best route to get from point A to point B. Which of the following is true of concepts? which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychologysymbols in the convergence of the twain. _____ involves reasoning from a general case that we know to be true to a specific instance. We are constantly bombarded with sensory information. Find and frame problems C. Develop good problem-solving strategies D. Rethink and redefine problems and solutions over time are vague and/or ill defined (p. 246-247) In everyday situations, finding and framing problems can be difficult because many real-life problems _____. syntactically correct but semantically incorrect. If complete accuracy is required, it is best to use an algorithm. B. problem solving. Unlike heuristics, algorithms provide a definite solutions to problem. Generally, recall is somewhat better for random numbers than for random letters (Jacobs, 1887) and also often slightly better for information we hear (acoustic encoding) rather than information we see (visual encoding) (Anderson, 1969). An event schema, also known as a cognitive script, is a set of behaviors that can feel like a routine. In what order should you run your errands? In the context of human development, _____ refers to the individual's environmental and social experiences. It is improved by chunking and rehearsal techniques. C. Working backward in establishing subgoals should be typically avoided. Semantic memory is typically reported as facts. He has skipped three grades and is a straight A student with superior verbal and mathematical talent. Round the results to three decimal places. the stage of memory in which it is stored. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, C. are ill defined or vague. choose the best data from the set. Recall is what we most often think about when we talk about memory retrieval: it means you can access information without cues. For example, an emergency room doctor making a decision about how to treat a patient could use an algorithm approach. refers to the belief that one has the competence to accomplish a given goal or task. Related concepts are linked, and the strength of the link depends on how often two concepts have been associated. A. confirmation bias. They are used to evaluate the solutions. People who are gifted have an IQ of She has an amazing and highly superior autobiographical memory (Figure 8.7). It encompasses all the things you can remember that happened more than just a few minutes ago. b. use symbols; think Watch this video about superior autobiographical memory from the television news show 60 Minutes to learn more. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychologydr donald blakeslee a. a. the debate of sign language versus spoken language. Explicit memory is divided into episodic memory and semantic memory. D. Heritability is a statistic that provides information about a single individual. Think about what you do when you walk into an elevator (Figure 7.4). and you must attribute OpenStax. That song's effect could be an implicit emotional memory (Yang, Xu, Du, Shi, & Fang, 2011). He is most likely receiving _____ parenting. One cannot really consider long-term memory without thinking about the way it is organized. A. an adult who, after 30 years of normal intellectual functioning, is involved in an automobile accident and has suffered brain damage that has severely limited mental functioning d. mind set. c. Superordinate concepts a. creative This implies that For example, this type of active rehearsal is the way many children learn their ABCs by singing the alphabet song. The ultimate goal of problem-solving is to overcome obstacles and find a solution that best resolves the issue. When this happens, your brain automatically activates the firefighter schema and begins making assumptions that this person is brave, selfless, and community-oriented. During active rehearsal, you repeat (practice) the information to be remembered. 6 Q A stream cipher is a type of algorithm that encrypts a group of bits collectively as blocks. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, _____ is an individual's level of intellectual development relative to that of others. Concepts can be complex and abstract, like justice, or more concrete, like types of birds. d. Psychiatrists. B. provide clear definitions. A. Heuristics take more time than algorithms. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. d. learning and developmental delay. it involves bottom-up processing Long-term memory (LTM) is the continuous storage of information. Explicit memory is sometimes referred to as declarative memory, because it can be put into words. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. d. verbal/linguistic intelligence. The perfect slogan becomes apparent to you, but you are not consciously aware of how you figured it out. B. the availability heuristic. Creative people engage in A prompt, such as that the restaurant was named after its owner, might help you recall the name of the restaurant. It involves recollection of visual imagery as well as the feeling of familiarity (Hassabis & Maguire, 2007). Heuristics differ from algorithms in that heuristics B. ignore all the subgoals created by him during the problem-solving process. OTHER QUIZLET SETS. Artificial concepts can enhance the understanding of a topic by building on one another. A. algorithm. Once the information has been encoded, we have to somehow retain it. This type of reasoning is known as. B. "think outside the box" in order to succeed in college. C. 50 d. two, You're asked to come up with a new slogan for your school's Psychology Club. Strategies to stimulate divergent thinking. A. risk avoidance It refers to reasoning from a general principle that individuals know to be true to a specific instance. A. inductive reasoning. a. culture does not Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology. A. generalized. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychologyduskull evolution arceus It involves a process of comparison. b. representative heuristic C. inductive reasoning. Unlike heuristics, algorithms provide a definite solution to problem. Abstract symbols on a keyboard and making some sounds, Piaget theorized that _____ preceded and aided the development of ______. D. prototyping. Explicit memories are those we consciously try to remember, recall, and report. The different files stored in the file cabinet are called concepts. Which of the following is true with regard to development? the process of identifying rare or unexpected items or events in a dataset that do not conform to other items in the dataset O mathematical formulas placed in software that performs an analysis on a dataset o extracts knowledge from data by performing statistical . c. a picture-like image. accident and has suffered brain damage that has severely limited mental functioning, The ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast are characteristics of ________ intelligence. In this instance, the doctor would instead rely on their expertise and past experiences to very quickly choose what they feel is the right treatment approach. A. Yet, you dont notice most of your brains activity as you move throughout your daily routine. Which of the following are examples of algorithms? They make fewer mistakes than their less-imaginative counterparts. c. 30 Most likely none of us could even come close to answering these questions; however, American actress Marilu Henner, best known for the television show Taxi, can remember. Unlike heuristics, algorithms are shortcut strategies that suggest a solution to a problem. The concept of episodic memory was first proposed about in the 1970s (Tulving, 1972). Which of the following is the main difference between algorithms and heuristics? Now its back on your desktop, and you can work with it again. A person's knowledge about the world is known as _____ memory. Trace Swedens transition from socialism to capitalism. Through the use of fMRI, researchers have found an overlap between brain areas activated during visual mental imagery tasks as compared to: _______ can help us interpret or deal with new information or events that we have never encountered. c. the representative heuristic. From a language perspective, Jordan is having difficulty with a specific _______. On the other hand, if time is an issue, then it may be best to use a heuristic. It was first demonstrated by William Bousfield (1935) in an experiment in which he asked people to memorize words. Algorithms are strategies usually based on employing past experience to solve problems. The higher one's degree of practical intelligence: d. different aspects of intelligence. For example, answers to the following questions like what is the definition of psychology and who was the first African American president of the United States are stored in your semantic memory. This is known as effortful processing (Figure 8.3). a. morpheme b. analytical b. not important in measuring intelligence. A. morphemes D. Concepts/problem solving, In everyday situations, finding and framing problems can be difficult because many real-life problems Sensory information about sights, sounds, smells, and even textures, which we do not view as valuable information, we discard. The notes were sour because the seams split. TEMA 40 - TERAPIA ANTIVIRAL: MECANISMO DE ACC, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins. Various properties of geometric shapes, like squares and triangles, serve as useful examples of artificial concepts. C. functional fixedness. b. the representative heuristic. c. gifted people are more prone to mental illness. B. culturally biased. C. Artificial intelligence (AI)/algorithms b. females. C. Working backward in establishing subgoals should be typically avoided. However, heuristics are really more of a rule-of-thumb; they don't always guarantee a correct solution. A. Abductive reasoning c. They are what happens when the mind simply reorganizes a problem and comes up with a solution in an "aha!" Which of the following statements describe how algorithms are used in everyday life? Short-term memory (STM) is a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory. A. are vague and/or ill defined What memory problems is she most likely to have now? C. information-processing capacity. George Miller's classic research showed that the average capacity of short-term is between _____ units of information. c. practical a. attention and spatial memory. Implicit priming is another type of implicit memory (Schacter, 1992). They are used to evaluate the solutions. consent of Rice University. This is an example of Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F) in Business. By following an algorithm, you can ensure that you will arrive at the correct answer to each problem. D. deductive reasoning. D. categorical thinking. For example, imagine you meet someone who introduces himself as a firefighter. A. In the course of prenatal development, by the end of the _____ period, the heart begins to beat, the arms and legs become more differentiated, the face starts to form, and the intestinal tract appears in human beings. In this way, concepts touch every aspect of our lives, from our many daily routines to the guiding principles behind the way governments function. Psychology is best defined as the study of a. mental health. a. an algorithmic solution In order for a memory to go into storage (i.e., long-term memory), it has to pass through three distinct stages: Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory, and finally Long-Term Memory. This book uses the They will always result in a correct solution, if there is a correct solution to be found. d. an image of the instructor. A. D. deductive reasoning. C. Heuristics are shortcut strategies. d. You must create an algorithmfor a problem before you can create a program to solve the problem. d.$8,000. 110 What did you eat for lunch on April 10, 2009? Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. ________ involves reasoning from a general case that we know to be true to a specific instance. You never face the back of the elevator, do you? The tendency to search for and use information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them is known as, _____ is the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome. Importantly for memory, activating any part of a semantic network also activates the concepts linked to that part to a lesser degree. Next count backwards from 40 by fours, then check yourself to see how well you recalled the sentences this time. a. standardization. d. collective monologue. Which of the following is true of algorithms? c. the exact same process as If an instructor was referring to a stream during a lecture, a student's mental image is likely to be: d. communicate with one another; represent their own mental activity, Communicate with one another; represent their own mental activity. As you drive home, you hear your phones ring tone. Which of the following statements is true of the adolescent brain? d. be reliable. He later realized he could have just held his cell phone under the seat to help illuminate the area. When he says his name, people think it sounds like "jaw-dun." Basketball, football, baseball, and soccer all fit into the ________ of sports. Natural concepts In this case, Dan's experience demonstrates. Malcom has an IQ of 140. In their model, storing memories in short-term memory is like opening different files on a computer and adding information. Margaret fell down her basement stairs and suffered serious injury to her amygdala. Implicit memories are long-term memories that are not part of our consciousness. An algorithm is a finite sequence of precise instructions for performing a computation or solving a problem. Lowest rating: 3. She concludes that Drake might be a basketball player for his college team. a. Chomsky Mathematical formulas, like the equation for area (length width) are artificial concepts defined by specific sets of characteristics that are always the same. This event schema involves getting in the car, shutting the door, and buckling your seatbelt before putting the key in the ignition. What good is economic theory if it cant Bertha met two students from another school at a convention. So if you face a situation where a decision needs to be made very quickly, you might be better off using a different problem-solving strategy. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. b. autism B. Wechsler's four index scales are verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and: a. quantitative processing. Which of the following statements is true of subgoals? An algorithm is the process of breaking problems. c. trial and error method then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. In psychology, for example, Piagets stages of development are abstract concepts. This book uses the What do developmental psychologists seek to understand? a. mental set. b. When you first learned to do these tasks, someone may have told you how to do them, but everything you learned since those instructions that you cannot readily explain to someone else as the way to do it is implicit memory. Which of the following is usually a trait of creative thinkers? OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. OLE CA Computer Science & Applications 12965. Gardner would say that an astronaut is high in: What could have affected Genie's mentally? Concepts are universal and influence the development of language. According to Piaget, egocentrism refers to young children's. C. the representativeness heuristic Content is fact checked after it has been edited and before publication. Your apartment is a mess and you have nothing to wear. B. scope. c. Algorithmscan replace the source code in programs. D. Children understand metaphor and satire usually between ages 11 and 14. This is an example of: Making a list of all the ways one could use a butter knife requires: Brainstorming, keeping a journal, and subject mapping are all _________________________. Peterson and Peterson (1959) investigated short-term memory using the three letter sequences called trigrams (e.g., CLS) that had to be recalled after various time intervals between 3 and 18 seconds. Simply put, cognition is thinking, and it encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory. D. employ heuristics rather than algorithms as the problem-solving strategy. words merely reflect rather than cause the way we think. b. is present in all animals and helps them learn symbols for language. Usually, episodic memory is reported as a story. C. divergent thinking. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. So how do you determine when to use a heuristic and when to use an algorithm? b. convergent thinking. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? They are also known as mechanical solutions. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. D. They are initial goals that put the individual in a better position for reaching a final solution d. trial and error. Claudia is trying to cook her mother's famous lasagna. If Derrick answered correctly, he was able to identify _____ morpheme(s). d. similar to, Which of the following images is the best example of a prototype for a fruit? B. refers to the ability to yield a consistent result to what it is intended to measure. Its formal written version is called a program, or code. Most likely your early experiences with dogs will shape what you imagine. D. They may use established criteria to make judgments. c. grammar b. confirmation bias. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology. A(n) _____ is a strategy that guarantees a solution to a problem. When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on recognition to help you choose the correct answer. Confirmation bias Divergent thinking is especially difficult to teach to: Cognitive psychologists strive to determine and measure different types of intelligence, why some people are better at problem solving than others, and how emotional intelligence affects success in the workplace, among countless other topics. Algorithmsare described informally and can contain ambiguous steps.b. b. actual tasks involving visual perception. She enjoyed their company a great deal and was very impressed with how nice they were. 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